| Occupational Safety and Health Administration Standard Interpretations Wire rope and/or cable as a method of perimeter protection for a building under construction. Standard stairmeans a fixed or permanently installed stairway. To keep apprised of such developments, you can consult OSHA's website at https://www.osha.gov. 1910.29(j) Personal fall protection systems. This is in response to your letter of June 20, 2003, to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) concerning requirements in the steel erection standard regarding perimeter columns and perimeter safety cables. As part of the floor turnover process for a steel or concrete building, controlling contractors often times direct the contractor who installed the system to leave the perimeter cables in place until the fall exposure is removed by setting windows or curtain wall. You stated that the freestanding guardrail system meets the 200 pound (890 N) force requirements required by 29 CFR 1926.502(b)(3) and 1910.23(e)(3)(iv) and that you have twice had engineering firms conduct calculations and verify compliance. Rungs, cleats, and steps of portableladders and fixed ladders should be a minimum of 10 inches (25 cm) apart and no larger than 14 inches (36 cm) apart, as measured between center lines of the rungs, cleats, and steps. 1910.25(f) Alternating tread-type stairs. Toeboard must be added where there is a hazard and continue along the working area that is exposed. LINDA R. ANKU 1910.25(b)(5)(ii) Less than 22 inches (56 cm) for platforms installed on or after January 17, 2017 (see Figure D-7 of this section); 1910.25(b)(6) Each stair can support at least five times the normal anticipated live load, but never less than a concentrated load of 1,000 pounds (454 kg) applied at any point; 1910.25(b)(7) Standard stairs are used to provide access from one walking-working surface to another when operations necessitate regular and routine travel between levels, including access to operating platforms for equipment. Total height measurement 42 IN (3 IN) (107 CM 8 CM). Answer: The response to this question is a qualified yes. Also, from time to time we update our guidance in response to new information. Spacing, installation torque, and other instructions still apply. Components for which no specific guidelines are given in this Appendix (e.g., joints, base connections, components made with other materials, and components with other dimensions) must also be designed and constructed in such a way that the completed system meets the requirements of 1926.502. Talk to an Expert Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. RAILINGS open-sided stairs < 44" require 1 stair rail/side; open-sided stairs > 44" require 1 stair rail and 1 separate handrail/side. Double, 1-inch by 4-inch members may be used for this purpose, provided that one member is fastened in a flat position on top of the posts and the other fastened in an edge-up position to the inside of the posts and the side of the top member. The employer must ensure: Finger clearance. Its important to contact an expert to fully understand what you need or might not need. May 22, 1989 One Stair rail system with handrail on open side and one handrail on enclosed side. OSHA does not require railing to be mounted to a supporting structure. Parapets or railings that are preexisting are acceptable at a minimum of 36 inches under OSHA code 55 Federal Register 13360, siting that replacing the parapet or railing would introduce unnecessary risk to the workers replacing it. Requirements for perimeter columns and perimeter safety cables in the Steel Erection standard. Cable Railing Standards OSHA regulations state that cable railings must have a smooth top rail at 42 inches above the floor that is able to withstand at least 200 pounds of pressure from any direction. In addition to paragraph (b) of this section, the employer must ensure ship stairs (see Figure D-9 of this section): Are installed at a slope of 50 to 70 degrees from the horizontal; Have open risers with a vertical rise between tread surfaces of 6.5 to 12 inches (17 to 30 cm); 1910.25(e)(3) Have minimum tread depth of 4 inches (10 cm); and. Emergency stop devices (buttons, pull-cords and foot pedals) are covered by IEC 60947-5-5, Low voltage switchgear and controlgear, Part 5-5: Control circuit devices and switching elements Emergency stop device with mechanical latching function. Ladder safety systems and their support systems are capable of withstanding, without failure, a drop test consisting of an 18-inch (41-cm) drop of a 500-pound (227-kg) weight. James G. Maddux, Director Territory Safety Coordinator Diamond Tool and Fasteners, Inc. If the railing dips below 39 inches, due to the force, the railing is not OSHA compliant. 1926.500, Guardrails, handrails & guards. Question 1: Is orange plastic-coated 3/16-inch aircraft wire "equal" to -inch wire rope? General Industry Safety Orders Group 1. Riser height 9.5 inches (24cm) 1910.25(d)(2) Stairwidth a minimum of 22 inches (55 cm) 1910.25(c)(4) Tread depth of a minimum of 9.5 inches (24 cm) 1910.25(c)(3) Stair landings at least the width of the stair. Question 3: Although it is not stated anywhere, must the wire rope used to comply with 1926.750(b)(1)(iii) (-inch wire rope; or 3/16-inch aircraft wire if you find that to be equivalent) have a maximum permissible deflection of 3-inches in one direction when a load of 200 pounds is applied in any direction at any point? 1910.29(b)(9) - Top rails and mid-rails must be at least 1/4 inch (0.6 cm) in diameter or thickness. P.O. Cable shall be not less than 3/8 inch mild plow steel. The criteria and practices requirements for guardrail systems on scaffolds are contained in 29 CFR part 1926, subpart L. Figure D-11 -- Guard Rail Systems. Sincerely, As an employer, it is your responsibility to ensure all workers have adequate fall protection and falling object protection including handrails, stair rail systems, and guardrail systems according to OSHA standard 1910.28. The midrails should be placed halfway between the top edge of the railing and the working-walking surface. Ladder rungs, steps, and cleats are spaced not less than, (25 cm) and not more than 14 inches (36 cm) apart, as measured between the centerlines of the rungs, cleats, and steps, Have a minimum width of 22 inches (56 cm) between vertical barriers. To assure that you are using the correct information and guidance, please consult OSHA's website at http://www.osha.gov. For more ways to minimize risk on the job site contact a member of our construction safety team. Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, OSHA - ARA's Federal/State Operations - Technical Support. California does not use NFPA 101). OSHA's warning line set up requirements ( OSHA's 29 CFR 1926.502 (f)) include: All warning lines must be flagged with a highly visible material and spacing must not exceed 6 feet intervals. In-fill panels, such as mesh or screens, must extend from the walking surface to the top-rail and the entire opening between vertical rails. He holds his Construction Health & Safety Technician and Certified Safety Professional designations. Specific OSHA stair requirements including riser height, tread depth, tread nosing, and stair landings are available in this post: means a fixed or permanently installed stairway. When materials are not being passed through the hole, the hole must be guarded by a guardrail system along all unprotected sides or edges or closed over with a cover. (3) For structural steel railings: posts, top rails, and intermediate rails shall be at least 2-inch by 2-inch (5 cm x 10 cm) by 3/8-inch (1.1 cm) angles, with posts spaced not more than 8 feet (2.4 m) apart on centers. (1) For wood railings: Wood components shall be minimum 1500 lb-ft/in(2) fiber (stress grade) construction grade lumber; the posts shall be at least 2-inch by 4-inch (5 cm x 10 cm) lumber spaced not more than 8 feet (2.4 m) apart on centers; the top rail shall be at least 2-inch by 4-inch (5 cm x 10 cm) lumber, the intermediate rail shall be at least 1-inch by 6-inch (2.5 cm x 15 cm) lumber. Some areas require taller guardrail. Sincerely, Toeboards are required whenever there is a possibility of objects falling to a lower level and injuring workers below. OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1926.750(b)(1)(iii) does not address the issue of deflection. Therefore, it does not require perimeter safety cables on the roof level. Intermediate vertical members, such as balusters cannot be more than 19 inches (48 cm) apart. Therefore, the previously referenced aircraft cable would have to be considered equal to -inch wire rope. Provide and install all fall protection systems and falling object protection this subpart requires, and comply with the other requirements in this subpart before any employee begins work that necessitates fall or falling object protection. At this point, the controlling contractor inspects and accepts control of the fall protection if it meets the following criteria set forth by OSHA 1926 Subpart M regulations: It is highly recommended anyone who installs or maintains safety cables be trained and authorized. Therefore, it does not require perimeter safety cables on the roof level. Cable shall be not less than 3/8 inch mild plow steel. 55 West Monroe Street He has had work published on a number of websites since 2004, including Pop Culture Shock and PoliticalBrew.com. Ladderway floor openings are specifically mentioned. Winding stairways may be used on tanks and similar round structures when the diameter of the tank or structure is at least 5 feet (1.5 m). When the employer uses a designated area, the employer must ensure: Employees remain within the designated area while work operations are underway; and. Performs climbing duties as a part of routine work activity. The rail is able to withstand a 200 lb force in a downward or outward direction. (Note: This product is seeing extensive use in Northern Virginia). Learn the Differences Between IBC and OSHA Stairs? (2) The wire rope shall be free of sharp edges, burrs, or projections which may be a hazard. If it does withstand 200 lb force loads, it doesnt need to be attached to the structure. However, fall protection, whether accomplished by guardrails, nets, personal fall arrest systems, etc., is nonetheless required on the roof level at fall heights over 15 feet (with certain exceptions) pursuant to the requirements of 1926.760(a)(1). Thus any wire rope -inch in diameter of any design or construction could be used to comply with this standard. When it comes to keeping your workplace productive theres nothing more important than safety. Cal-OSHA is notorious for having more stringent requirements. You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website. Read More: OSHA Catwalk Standards. Our compliance officers are aware that wire rope is an acceptable method of perimeter protection for buildings under construction. Guardrail height must be between 39 inches and 45 inches. ErectaStep also has a line of commercial stairs with OSHA or IBC compliance options. The requirements of paragraphs (c)(2) and (3) do not apply to standard stairs installed prior to January 17, 2017. We have paraphrased your question below: This provision applies to the perimeters of "floors," not roofs. REGIONAL ADMINISTRATOR The employer must ensure canopies used for falling object protection are strong enough to prevent collapse and to prevent penetration by falling objects. There is at least one 3/16-inch aircraft cable (Galvanized and tinned aircraft cord and strand Construction 1x19 - Nominal Breaking Strength 4700 pounds) that has a greater nominal breaking strength than does at least one type of -inch wire rope (Iron Galvanized Running Rope - Construction 6x12 - Nominal Breaking Strength 4560 pounds). NFPA 101: Life Safety Code provides requirements that limit the effects of re and related hazards. 5225 North National Drive All openings in guardrail systems are small enough to prevent objects from falling through the opening. The employer must ensure each warning line: Has a minimum breaking strength of 200 pounds (0.89 kN); Is installed so its lowest point, including sag, is not less than 34 inches (86 cm) and not more than 39 inches (99 cm) above the walking-working surface; Is supported in such a manner that pulling on one section of the line will not result in slack being taken up in adjacent sections causing the line to fall below the limits specified in paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section; Is clearly visible from a distance of 25 feet (7.6 m) away, and anywhere within the designated area; Is erected as close to the work area as the task permits; and. Miles, Jr., Director Richmond, Virginia 23241 1910.25(e)(4) Have a minimum tread width of 18 inches (46 cm). You can also learn more about the difference between IBC and OSHA safety codes here. Contact us for expert assistance with your fall arrest, fall restraint and fall protection requirements System Types "L" and "T" Column Style Lifelines View "L" and "T" Column Style Lifelines Continuous Pass Through Systems Note that our enforcement guidance may be affected by changes to OSHA rules. The chain or cable shall be anchored at intervals not to exceed 100 feet. wide. Photos: Livers Bronze Co. feBruary 2009 MOdErn sTEEl COnsTruCTiOn. ErectaSteps line of industrial modular metal stairs and industrial maintenance access platforms feature modular, lightweight metal stair components that are as easy to reconfigure as they are to assemble. The employer must ensure guardrail systems meet the following requirements: The top edge height of top rails, or equivalent guardrail system members, are 42 inches (107 cm), plus or minus 3 inches (8 cm), above the walking-working surface. Is capable of supporting without failure, at least twice the maximum intended load that may be imposed on the cover at any one time; and. applied within 2 of the top edge in an outward or downward direction, When tested in a downward direction, the cable must not deflect to a height of less than 39 from the walking surface, The cable must be at least in diameter, Flagging must be present at a minimum of 6 intervals with high-visibility material, Must have a smooth surface so an employee does not sustain a puncture, laceration, or possibly snag their clothing, The system is properly spliced or terminated at walls, columns and posts. Strength criteria. Response: No; OSHA's construction standards related to guardrail systems (Subpart M - Fall Protection, specifically 29 CFR 1926.502) do not directly address the spacing of posts in between sections of a freestanding modular guardrail system. He is a member of the American Society of Safety Professionals (ASSP). Designing an OSHA compliant railing system is equally important; post-spacing, material choice, finish, toeboard, and gates are all things to consider when designing your guardrail. Find out more about the general requirements for toeboard, when is it required? If the items are piled higher than the midrail, the employer also must install paneling or screening to the top rail and for a length that is sufficient to protect employees below; and. When the 200-pound (890-N) test load is applied in a downward direction, the top rail of the guardrail system must not deflect to a height of less than 39 inches (99 cm) above the walking-working surface. OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards and regulations. If you need additional information, please contact us by fax at: U.S. Department of Labor, OSHA, Directorate of Construction, Office of Construction Standards and Guidance, fax # 202-693-1689. It is designed to be used anywhere a cable must terminate. The employer must ensure each safety net system meets the requirements in 29 CFR part 1926, subpart M. Covers. The employer must ensure each personal fall protection system meets the requirements in subpart I of this part; and. Hispassion is to be a resource his clients can count on when loss control and risk management consulting is needed. Openings in stair rails. By connecting a body harness and lanyard to a shuttle traveling the length of the line, a worker can safely move along a horizontal (or vertical) plane. Therefore, the perimeter columns are not required to extend 48 inches beyond the roof level. Director of Safety Services The most common issues observed while performing safety audits on cable guardrails include: Excessive Deflection or Sagging incorporate turnbuckles to allow for easy tightening of the cable. Dan Kane OSHA's requirements are set by statute, standards, and regulations. Categories: . Cages and wells installed on fixed ladders are designed, constructed, and maintained to permit easy access to, and egress from, the ladder that they enclose (see Figures D-14 and D-15 of this section); Cages and wells are continuous throughout the length of the fixed ladder, except for access, egress, and other transfer points; Cages and wells are designed, constructed, and maintained to contain employees in the event of a fall, and to direct them to a lower landing; and. Lastly, the preferred method to terminating the wire rope or splicing two wire ropes together is to turnback the ends through each eye as seen in the diagrams. On multi-story structures, perimeter safety cables shall be installed at the final interior and exterior perimeters. Ship, spiral, and alternating tread-type stairs are not considered standard stairs. The second is side-step Ladder, Access lateral from Ladder. Midrails are placed halfway between the top rail and ground. Thats why weve compiled this guide to OSHA stair requirements. Yarding Safety (Logging) Yarding is the logging operation that moves felled trees from the slash pile to the landing or storage area prior to transportation. Thank you for your September 12, 2012, email to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Directorate of Construction. Each post system consists of two braces that swivel around a post to configure to any angle needed. Chat live with a knowledgeable and friendly stair expert now. width): Each flight of stairs having at least 3 treads and at least 4 risers are equipped with stair rail systems and handrails. Handhold. Anything after that date, 42 inches is the standard height that must be met and support a force of 200 lb at any point in the railing. So no matter what you need from help with OSHA compliance to learning how our 3D configurator can give you instant (and accurate) drawings and quotes our experienced team will make sure you get it. OSHA specifies that red, black and white colors are to be used for danger signs. Section 1926.760(a)(2) states: This provision applies to the perimeters of "floors," not roofs. Cable guardrails are commonly seen on construction projects. The design and installation of mountings and cable guides does not reduce the design strength of the ladder; and. OSHA states that guardrail must reach a height of 42 inches, plus or minus 3 inches, above the walking-working surface and withstand a force of 200 pounds at any point in a downward or outward direction. 1910.29(i)(6) Ladder safety systems and their support systems are capable of withstanding, without failure, a drop test consisting of an 18-inch (41-cm) drop of a 500-pound (227-kg) weight. Exception to paragraphs (c)(2) and (3) of this section. OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards and regulations. Outdoor advertising. Handrails and stair rail systems are smooth-surfaced to protect employees from injury, such as punctures or lacerations, and to prevent catching or snagging of clothing. An employer may use these guidelines as a starting point for designing guardrail systems. Spaces between each post and intermediate vertical member is 19 IN (48 CM) MAX. The top edge height may exceed 45 inches (114 cm), provided the guardrail system meets all other criteria of paragraph (b) of this section (see Figure D-11 of this section). Safety Director Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, and other equivalent intermediate members are capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least 150 pounds (667 N) applied in any downward or outward direction at any point along the intermediate member. The second shows a different guard rail system with several more posts, Top Rail, and intermediate vertical member. 1910.29(k)(1) - A standard toeboard shall be 3 1/2 inches in vertical height from the top edge to the bottom level of the floor, platform, runway, or ramp. The employer must ensure: Platforms used with fixed ladders provide a horizontal surface of at least 24 inches by 30 inches (61 cm by 76 cm). The employer may use chains or gates instead of a removable guardrail section at hoist areas if the employer demonstrates the chains or gates provide a level of safety equivalent to guardrails. Our interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but they cannot create additional employer obligations. The employer must ensure each cover for a hole in a walking-working surface: 1910.29 (e) (1) Is capable of supporting without failure, at least twice the maximum intended load that may be imposed on the cover at any one time; and 1910.29 (e) (2) Is secured to prevent accidental displacement. Visit our construction focused solutions at. The chain or cable shall be provided with positive tensioning device (such as a turnbuckle) which will reduce the sag in the chain or cable to not more than 2 inches in a 20 foot span. IMPORTANT Apply first load to test the assembly. For any area with a floor or wall opening (such as a stairway or access hole), a standard railing is required on the exposed side of the structure. Do not have more than a 0.25-inch (0.5-cm) clearance or opening above the walking-working surface. 1910.29(f)(3) - Surfaces. The top of the handrail should be at . Grab handles. Ensure each fall protection system and falling object protection, other than personal fall protection systems, that this part requires meets the requirements in this section. All ErectaStep stairs comply with OSHA standard 1910.25 which covers all stairways including standard, spiral, ship, and alternating tread-type stairs. Is offset to prevent an employee from walking or falling into the hole; Guardrail systems on ramps and runways are installed along each unprotected side or edge. Chicago, Illinois 60603. Top railing height must be 39 inches and 45 inches above the walking-working surface. However that would be contrary to guidance relating to wire rope used for guardrails contained in directives (STD 3-10.3), memoranda and proposed standards (Fall Protection In Construction.) However, no such carte blanche rule exists and never has in the OSHA regulations. in height, an installed railing will require midrails, screens, solid panels, or other equivalence. Turner Construction Company Cages, wells, and platforms used with fixed ladders. Our interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but they cannot create additional employer obligations. Toeboards may be omitted around vehicle repair, service, or assembly pits when the employer can demonstrate that a toeboard would prevent access to a vehicle that is over the pit. To examine some of the common myths and misconceptions, this article focuses on OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Subpart D, Walking-Working . Safety Tips for Cable Guardrails on Construction Sites, Construction Motor Vehicles: How to Stay DOT Compliant, The top cable is 42 +/- 3 in height from the walking surface, The middle cable is approximately 21 in height from the walking surface, The cable system must be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least 200 lbs. Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, or equivalent intermediate members are installed between the walking-working surface and the top edge of the guardrail system as follows when there is not a wall or parapet that is at least 21 inches (53 cm) high: Midrails are installed at a height midway between the top edge of the guardrail system and the walking-working surface; Screens and mesh extend from the walking-working surface to the top rail and along the entire opening between top rail supports; Intermediate vertical members (such as balusters) are installed no more than 19 inches (48 cm) apart; and. The posts to be angle iron of at least 2-inch by 2-inch by 1/4-inch stock, the spacing not to exceed 8 feet. 6. 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